Diseño e implementación de la biblioteca virtual de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo

Las páginas web constituyen un medio facilitador del conocimiento. El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de diseñar e implementar una biblioteca virtual para favorecer el proceso de gestión de la información del Departamento de Información Científica-Técnica y Biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Bayamo. Para el desarrollo del contenido del sitio se emplearon: observación, encuestas y entrevistas. Para desarrollar el producto se llevaron a cabo cinco procesos: planificación inicial del sitio, definición, diseño y estándares, puesta en marcha y plan de mantenimiento. Para la confección de la página se empleó el gestor de contenidos WordPress, así como PHP, MySQL, Apache, XAMPP y Windows como lenguaje de programación, motor de bases de datos, servidor Web, paquete de software libre y sistema operativo respectivamente. Se concluye que la implementación de la biblioteca virtual, facilita el proceso de gestión de la información, despierta el interés por la investigación y contribuye a la alfabetización informacional de los usuarios de salud que ingresen a la web. Facilitará la visibilidad, la gestión técnica bibliotecaria; la divulgación, difusión, y uso de los servicios y recursos de información disponibles.

Web pages constitute a means of facilitating knowledge. The work was carried out with the objective of designing and implementing a virtual library to favor the information management process of the Department of Scientific and Technical Information and the Library of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Bayamo. Observation, surveys and interviews were used in the development of the content of the site. Five processes were carried out to develop the product: initial planning of the site, definition, design and standards, commissioning, and maintenance plan. To create the page, the content manager WordPress was used; PHP, MySQL, Apache, XAMPP and Windows were used as the programming language, database engine, Web server, free software package and operating system, respectively. It is concluded that the implementation of the virtual library facilitates the information management process, awakens the interest in research, and contributes to the information literacy of health users who enter the web. It will facilitate visibility, library technical management, disclosure, dissemination, and use of available information services and resources.

Genomic constellations of RVA detected in Brazil from 1986 to 2016: a temporal and geographical distribution and occurrence of reassortments / Constelações genômicas de RVA detectadas no Brasil de 1986 a 2016: uma distribuição temporal e geográfica e ocorrência de rearranjos

INTRODUCTION: Species A rotavirus (RVA) infections are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children of <5 years worldwide. In Brazil, before vaccination, RVA was associated with 3.5 million episodes of acute diarrheal disease per year. Due to the segmented nature of their genomes, rotaviruses can exchange genes during co-infections, and generate new virus strains and new reinfections. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the genomic diversity of RVA isolated in Brazil in 30 years, between 1986 to 2016, to investigate possible changes in the frequency of genotype constellations before and after the implementation of the vaccine. METHODS: In total, 4,474 nucleotide sequences were obtained from the Virus Variation Database. Genomic constellation was compared, and the proportion of rotavirus genotypes was analyzed by time and geographic region. RESULTS: Our results showed that major known genotypes were circulating in the country during the period under analysis, with a prevalence of the G1P[8] Wa-like genotype, decreasing only in the period immediately after the introduction of the vaccine. Regarding the geographical distribution, most of our constellations, 62 (39.2%), and 50 (31.6%) were concentrated in the North and Northeast regions. Our analysis also showed the circulation of multiple strains during the periods when the DS-1-like and AU-1-like genotypes were co-circulating with the Wa-like genotype. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is likely that inter-genogroup reassortments are still occurring in Brazil and so it is important to establish an efficient surveillance system to follow the emergence of novel reassorted strains that might not be targeted by the vaccine.

INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções por rotavírus A (RVA) são uma das principais causas de gastroenterite grave em crianças <5 anos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, antes da vacinação, o RVA estava associado a 3,5 milhões de episódios de diarreia aguda por ano. Devido à natureza segmentada de seus genomas, os rotavírus podem trocar genes durante as coinfecções, gerar novas cepas de vírus e novas reinfecções. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a diversidade genômica de RVA isolados no Brasil entre 1986 a 2016 para investigar possíveis alterações na frequência das constelações de genótipos antes e após a implantação da vacina. MÉTODOS: No total, 4.474 sequências de nucleotídeos foram obtidas do Banco de Dados de Variação de Vírus. A constelação genômica foi comparada e a proporção dos genótipos de rotavírus foi analisada por tempo e região geográfica. RESULTADOS: Nossos resultados mostraram que os principais genótipos conhecidos circulavam no país no período em análise, com prevalência do genótipo G1P[8] Wa-like, diminuindo apenas no período imediatamente após a introdução da vacina. Em relação à distribuição geográfica, a maioria das nossas constelações, 62 (39,2%) e 50 (31,6%), concentrava-se nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Nossa análise também mostrou a circulação de cepas múltiplas durante os períodos em que os genótipos DS-1-like e AU-1-like estavam co-circulando com o genótipo Wa-like. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, é provável que rearranjos inter-genogrupos ainda estejam ocorrendo no Brasil e por isso é importante estabelecer um sistema de vigilância eficiente para acompanhar o surgimento de novas cepas rearranjadas que podem não ser protegidas pela vacina.

Dock-able linear and homodetic di,tri,tetra and pentapeptide library from canonical amino acids:SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as a case study / 药物分析学报

Peptide-based therapeutics are increasingly pushing to the forefront of biomedicine with their promise of high specificity and low toxicity.Although noncanonical residues can always be used,employing only the natural 20 residues restricts the chemical space to a finite dimension allowing for comprehensive in silico screening.Towards this goal,the dataset comprising all possible di-,tri-,and tetra-peptide com-binations of the canonical residues has been previously reported.However,with increasing computa-tional power,the comprehensive set of pentapeptides is now also feasible for screening as the comprehensive set of cyclic peptides comprising four or five residues.Here,we provide both the com-plete and prefiltered libraries of all di-,tri-,tetra-,and penta-peptide sequences from 20 canonical amino acids and their homodetic(N-to-C-terminal)cyclic homologues.The FASTA,simplified molecular-input line-entry system(SMILES),and structure-data file(SDF)-three dimension(3D)libraries can be readily used for screening against protein targets.We also provide a simple method and tool for conducting identity-based filtering.Access to this dataset will accelerate small peptide screening workflows and encourage their use in drug discovery campaigns.As a case study,the developed library was screened against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)main protease to identify po-tential small peptide inhibitors.

Construction of a High-Throughput Mutation Library of Mycobacterium Rifampin Resistance Gene rpoB / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo establish a mutation library of rifampicin resistance gene rpoB. MethodsThe ΔrpoB attB：：rpoB strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis （M. smegmatis） be constructed by homologous recombination and L5 attB phage integration site exchange. Based on the L5 attB plasmid exchange system and resistance selection medium， 48 clones are selected to verify plasmid replacement efficiency. Degenerate primers are designed every 3 bases in the rifampicin resistance determining region （RRDR）， and a full-coverage mutation library of 81 bases in RRDR region is obtained by PCR amplification. The library fragments are seamlessly cloned into the vector and transformed into Escherichia coli （E. coli）to form an E. coli mutation library. Based on the principle of plasmid exchange， the mutant plasmid library is transformed into the M. smegmatis strain ΔrpoB attB：：rpoB， and the original L5 attB site plasmid is replaced to form the M. smegmatis mutant library. The genotype of the library are determined by genome extraction， library construction and high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the wild-type rpoB gene （5 600 bp）， the amplified fragment of the rpoB knockout strain is 2 200 bp， which proved that the ΔrpoB attB：：rpoB conditional knockout strain of M. smegmatis is successfully constructed. The success rate of plasmid replacement is 100%. There were 540 kinds of single amino acid mutations in both E. coli library and M. smegmatis library， 5 301 kinds of multi-point mutations in E. coli library， and 853 kinds of multi-point mutations in M. smegmatis library. The correlation coefficient between E. coli library and M. smegmatis library is 0.84. ConclusionsWe have developed a strategy to construct a library of mutants targeting the essential mycobacterial gene rpoB， and successfully established a mutant library of rifampicin resistance gene rpoB.

Application and management of human genetic resources in China / 上海预防医学

Human genetic resources include specimen samples and related information. The application and regulation of human genetic resources in China started at the end of the 20th century and have progressed rapidly. However， many challenges remain. In this paper， we reviewed the current status of sample conservation and management and provided recommendations for further development of human genetic resources in China. The aim is to effectively protect and rationally utilize China's human genetic resources， safeguard national security and people's health， and promote the building of a community of common health for mankind.

Screening and identification of single-chain fragment variable against the receptor-binding domain of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To construct a single-chain fragment variable(scFv)phage display library against receptor-binding domain(RBD)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike protein(S)to screen specific scFv and identify the function.Methods m RNA was extracted from spleen cells of mice immunized with RBD protein and reversely transcribed into c DNA,with which as template,genes of the hight chain fragment of variable(VH)and light chain fragment of variable(VL)of scFv were amplified and then assembled into scFv gene fragment through splicing overlap extension PCR(SOE-PCR).The scFv gene fragment was inserted to phage vector to construct scFv phage display library.After four rounds of biopanning,the scFv gene with strong binding ability to RBD was screened and expressed recombinantly,purified and identified for biological activity.Results The constructed scFv phage library showed a titer of 6.0×10(11)pfu/m L.After four rounds of biopanning,four scFv strains with strong binding to RBD were selected,namely scFv11,scFv12,scFv25and scFv28.scFv was mainly expressed in the form of inclusion body with a relative molecular mass of about 27 000,a concentration of 2.4 mg/m L and a purity of about 90%,which bound specifically to mouse monoclonal antibody against His labeled by HRP after purification.All four scFv strains bound specifically to RBD recombinant protein,among which the other 3 scFv strains bound to the S protein of wild type and multiple mutant strains except scFv28.All four strains showed dose-dependent interaction with RBD,with affinity dynamic fitting dissociation constants(K_Ds)8.9,5.92,10.67and 2.36 nmol/L,and steady-state fitting dissociation constants(K_Ds)of 5.3,6.5,8.7 and 5.8 nmol/L,respectively.scFv11,scFv12 and scFv25 simultaneously identified three independent RBD polypeptides,including RBD2(S(11)pfu/m L.After four rounds of biopanning,four scFv strains with strong binding to RBD were selected,namely scFv11,scFv12,scFv25and scFv28.scFv was mainly expressed in the form of inclusion body with a relative molecular mass of about 27 000,a concentration of 2.4 mg/m L and a purity of about 90%,which bound specifically to mouse monoclonal antibody against His labeled by HRP after purification.All four scFv strains bound specifically to RBD recombinant protein,among which the other 3 scFv strains bound to the S protein of wild type and multiple mutant strains except scFv28.All four strains showed dose-dependent interaction with RBD,with affinity dynamic fitting dissociation constants(K_Ds)8.9,5.92,10.67and 2.36 nmol/L,and steady-state fitting dissociation constants(K_Ds)of 5.3,6.5,8.7 and 5.8 nmol/L,respectively.scFv11,scFv12 and scFv25 simultaneously identified three independent RBD polypeptides,including RBD2(S(334～353)),RBD9(S(334～353)),RBD9(S(439～458))and RBD13(S(439～458))and RBD13(S(499～518)).Homologous model of scFv constructed by online server SWISS-MODEL showed a good quality and was used for molecular docking.The interface at which scFv11 interacted with RBD only partially coincided with the interaction interface of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and RBD,and the interaction interfaces of scFv12 and scFv25 with RBD were quite different from that of ACE2.Conclusion In this study,scFv specifically bound to SARS-Co V-2 RBD was screened and prepared through constructing scFv phage library against SARS-CoV-2 RBD,which provided experimental basis for further development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and detection reagents.

Virtual screening of potential ATR kinase inhibitors based on machine learning and molecular docking / 中国药科大学学报

@#Screening potential active compounds from molecular libraries is a common method for drug discovery.However, with the continuous exploration of chemical space, there are already compound libraries with more than billions of molecules, so molecular docking is no longer enough to quickly screen specific target inhibitors from the ultra-large compound libraries.This study proposes a method for screening potential active compounds, which involves filtering and selecting compounds from a candidate compound library containing over 5.5 billion molecules through a series of steps, including calculating physical and chemical property similarities, constructing machine learning prediction models, and molecular docking.In the end, 51 compounds with potential ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and rad3-related (ATR) inhibitory activity were obtained.This method is effective for rapidly screening novel potential active compounds from large compound libraries.

Investigating information literacy skills perception and practices among medical and non-medical first-year students at a Nigerian university

Background: The study appraisedthe perceived information literacy proficiency of first-year students enrolled in the faculties of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, and pure Sciences at the University of Medical Sciences(UNIMED)in Ondo City, Nigeria. Method:Employing a correlational descriptive survey methodology, 120 students were proportionately selectedfrom the first-year students'population in the three faculties surveyed. The response rate was84%. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire sectioned into four or five-point Likert scales. For the data analysis, the responses were rated 4, 3, 2,and 1 points or 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1,respectively, depending on the questionnaire section.Results:Based on our rubric, the students reported average-level information literacy skills and high-level internet navigation skills. The ability to utilise information effectively had the highest rating (x̄= 2.9/4.0),while the ability to access information was the lowest(x̄=2.7/4.0). The students also reported Google(x̄= 4.1/5.0), subject textbooks, and peers as the most frequentlyutilisedinformation sources, while academicsources such as journal databases(x̄=2.3/5.0), library catalogues, and librarians were the least used. No statistically significant distinctions were observed in the information literacy capabilities of first-year students from the three faculties or secondary school backgrounds. Conclusion:To promote acquiringinformation literacy skills for academic success and lifelong learning, this study emphasises the necessity for increased awareness and training on the effective usage of scholarly sources among first-year students in Nigerian universities.

Crowdfunding como alternativa para el financiamiento de proyectos en bibliotecas: Una oportunidad frente a los recortes presupuestarios

Esta investigación nace debido a los recortes presupuestarios que sufre el sector cultural en Costa Rica, en particular como una alternativa de financiamiento a los proyectos que ejecutan las bibliotecas. Su objetivo principal es describir las oportunidades que ofrece el crowdfunding como método alternativo de financiamiento en las bibliotecas públicas y académicas para el desarrollo de proyectos sociales. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con alcance descriptivo. Por tanto, se recopilan artículos y tesis sobre crowdfunding en bibliotecas públicas y académicas, asimismo es mediante el cuadro de categorías de análisis que se interpretan los principales puntos de interés para la investigación. Los resultados reflejan la efectividad y adaptabilidad de la implementación de campañas de crowdfunding de donación para la recaudación de fondos en bibliotecas de acuerdo a sus necesidades. Se concluye que en una campaña de este tipo se debe considerar el tiempo estimado para la recaudación de fondos, la adecuada gestión de las redes sociales, una excelente selección del tipo y plataforma de crowdfunding, así como de las habilidades y competencias de las personas a cargo. Los profesionales en bibliotecología deben utilizar el potencial de las TIC en tiempos de austeridad para aprovechar el crowdfunding como una alternativa de financiamiento que permite ejecutar más y mejores proyectos.

This research was born due to budget cuts suffered by the cultural sector in Costa Rica, as a financing alternative to the projects carried out by libraries. Its main objective is to describe the opportunities offered by crowdfunding as an alternative method of financing in public and academic libraries for the development of social projects. From a qualitative approach, a bibliographic review with a descriptive scope is carried out. Therefore, articles and theses on crowdfunding in public and academic libraries are compiled, through the table of analysis categories; the main points of interest for the investigation are interpreted. The results reflect the effectiveness and adaptability of the implementation of donation crowdfunding for fundraising in libraries according to their needs. It is concluded that in a campaign of this type, the estimated time for fundraising, the proper management of social networks, an excellent selection of the type and platform of crowdfunding, as well as the skills and competencies of the people involved should be considered. Library professionals must use the potential of ICT in times of austerity to take advantage of crowdfunding to execute more and better projects.

El bibliotecario en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social / The librarian at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

En las unidades de información que integran el Sistema Bibliotecario del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), la tarea de orientar y formar a los usuarios sobre el uso de información es un proceso complejo, debido a la especificidad de las necesidades de información de los usuarios. Los sistemas de información que son utilizados en el Instituto exigen al personal bibliotecario contar con competencias informativas específicas para el acceso, evaluación, organización y uso de la información por medio de las tecnologías de la información. Sin embargo, existen grandes retos, como la carencia de la definición del perfil profesional del bibliotecario médico, ya que es indispensable para que el personal logre satisfacer de forma eficiente las demandas y necesidades de los usuarios de acuerdo con sus diversos perfiles.

In the information units that make up the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Library System, the task of guiding and training users on the use of information is a complex process, due to the specificity of the users' information needs. The information systems that are used in the Institute require the personal librarian to have specific information skills for access, evaluation, organization and use of information through information technologies. However, there are important challenges, such as the lack of definition of the professional profile of the medical librarian, because it is essential for the staff to efficiently satisfy the demands and needs of users according to their various profiles.

Preliminary Study on Screening and Identification of Lewis a Antigen Mimic Epitope in Alpaca Phage Display Nanobody Library / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a new method for synthesizing Lewis blood group antigens, that is, the mimotopes of Lewis blood group antigens were screened by using an alpaca phage display nanobody library.@*METHODS@#We selected mimotopes of the Lewis a (lea) antigen by affinity panning of an alpaca phage display nanobody library using a monoclonal anti-lea antibody. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the affinity of the positive clones for the monoclonal anti-lea antibody, and the high-affinity positive clones were selected for sequencing and synthesis. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity and reactivity of the synthesized lea mimotope in clinical samples were verified by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#A total of 96 phage clones were randomly selected, and 24 were positive. Fourteen positive clones with the highest affinity were selected for sequencing. The result showed that there were 5 different sequences, among which 3 sequences with the highest frequency, largest difference and highest affinity were selected for expression and synthesis. The sensitivity and specificity of lea mimic antigen by ELISA showed that, the minimum detection limit of gel microcolumn assay (GMA) and ELISA method were 25 times different, and the lea mimic antigen had no cross reacted with the other five unrelated monoclonal antibodies(P<0.001). Finally, 30 clinical plasma samples were analyzed. The mean absorbance of the 15 positive plasma samples was significantly higher than that of the 15 negative plasma samples (P=0.02). However, the positive signal values of the clinical samples were much lower than those of the monoclonal antibodies.@*CONCLUSION@#A new method of screening lea mimic antigen by using alpaca phage nanoantibody library has been established, which is expected to realize the screening of lea mimotopes, thus realizing the application of high-sensitivity detection methods such as ELISA and chemiluminescence in blood group antibody identification.

Construction and application of a synthetic promoter library for Corynebacterium glutamicum / 生物工程学报

Promoter is an important genetic tool for fine-tuning of gene expression and has been widely used for metabolic engineering. Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important chassis for industrial biotechnology. However, promoter libraries that are applicable to C. glutamicum have been rarely reported, except for a few developed based on synthetic sequences containing random mutations. In this study, we constructed a promoter library based on the native promoter of odhA gene by mutating the -10 region and the bystanders. Using a red fluorescent protein (RFP) as the reporter, 57 promoter mutants were screened by fluorescence imaging technology in a high-throughput manner. These mutants spanned a strength range between 2.4-fold and 19.6-fold improvements of the wild-type promoter. The strongest mutant exhibited a 2.3-fold higher strength than the widely used strong inducible promoter Ptrc. Sequencing of all 57 mutants revealed that 55 mutants share a 1-4 bases shift (4 bases shift for 68% mutants) of the conserved -10 motif "TANNNT" to the 3' end of the promoter, compared to the wild-type promoter. Conserved T or G bases at different positions were observed for strong, moderate, and weak promoter mutants. Finally, five promoter mutants with different strength were employed to fine-tune the expression of γ-glutamyl kinase (ProB) for L-proline biosynthesis. Increased promoter strength led to enhanced L-proline production and the highest L-proline titer of 6.4 g/L was obtained when a promoter mutant with a 9.8-fold higher strength compared to the wild-type promoter was used for ProB expression. The use of stronger promoter variants did not further improve L-proline production. In conclusion, a promoter library was constructed based on a native C. glutamicum promoter PodhA. The new promoter library should be useful for systems metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum. The strategy of mutating native promoter may also guide the construction of promoter libraries for other microorganisms.

Videoteca para el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas sobre técnicas histológicas básicas / Video Library for the Development of Practical Skills on Basic Histological Techniques

Se desarrolló una investigación de innovación tecnológica con el objetivo de contribuir, a través de videos y enlaces a páginas con elementos teóricos, al desarrollo de habilidades prácticas sobre técnicas histológicas básicas que incluye el procesamiento de los tejidos para ser observados en el microscopio óptico; así como la tinción de éstos con Hematoxilina y eosina. Para su diseño se empleó una plantilla web (boostrap, html5, CCS). En cuanto a los aspectos metodológicos: se tuvo en cuenta el programa de formación de residentes en la especialidad de Histología y de pregrado de la asignatura de Células, tejidos y tegumentario, propuesto por la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana (UCM H). Se validó el producto a través del criterio de expertos y de usuarios; obteniéndose un elevado nivel de aceptación; permitiendo el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas, de forma amena y científica en los estudiantes y residentes de la especialidad de Histología(AU)

A technological innovation research was developed with the aim of contributing, through videos and links to pages with theoretical elements, to the development of practical skills on basic histological techniques that includes the processing of tissues to be observed in the optical microscope; as well as staining of these with Hematoxylin and eosin. For its design a web template (boostrap, html5, CCS) was used. The methodological aspects taking into account were: the training program for residents in the specialty of Histology and undergraduate program of the Cells, Tissues and Integumentary subject, proposed by the UCM H. The product was validated through the criteria of experts and users; obtaining a high level of acceptance; allowing the development of practical skills, in an entertaining and scientific way in students and residents of the specialty of Histology(AU)

Discussion on the development of hospital library and its function of hospital's scientific research management based on texts analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the situation of recent ten-year publications in Chinese hospital libraries, providing advice for the development and innovation of hospital libraries and the help to improvement of scientific research management.Methods:Publications in databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP were retrieved when " hospital library" is included as a key topic. The general information of the enrolled publications was statistically described. With respect to the key words with high frequency, co-word analysis and cluster analysis were performed to explore the research hotspots in hospital libraries.Results:The number of publications in Chinese hospital libraries shows an overall downward trend. By contrast, the total numbers of publications in hospital libraries from Shandong and Guangzhou rank top. In terms of the ratio of total number of publications to total number of hospitals, Liaoning and Chongqing rank top. The periodicals of interest are mainly grouped into three categories including intelligence information, library and hospital management; however, the cooperation with clinical or other departments should be strengthened. Discipline and personalized service, digital library and library innovation are the dominating research hotspots in hospital libraries from China. Studies of hospital library mainly focused on clinical and scientific research services, but paid less attention to the support to hospital scientific research management.Conclusions:The service of hospital library is involved in the whole process of scientific research management. To improve the role of hospital library in scientific management, embedded service is recommended to be applied into the whole process of hospital scientific research management; construction of institutional repository for scientific research management and transformation of the role of hospital library are also highly recommended.

Tailoring combinatorial lipid nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based drug delivery systems have become the most clinically advanced non-viral delivery technology. LNPs can encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of bioactive agents, including the small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides, and nucleic acids. However, as the physicochemical properties of small- and macromolecular cargos can vary drastically, every LNP carrier system needs to be carefully tailored in order to deliver the cargo molecules in a safe and efficient manner. Our group applied the combinatorial library synthesis approach and in vitro and in vivo screening strategy for the development of LNP delivery systems for drug delivery. In this Review, we highlight our recent progress in the design, synthesis, characterization, evaluation, and optimization of combinatorial LNPs with novel structures and properties for the delivery of small- and macromolecular therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. These delivery systems have enormous potentials for cancer therapy, antimicrobial applications, gene silencing, genome editing, and more. We also discuss the key challenges to the mechanistic study and clinical translation of new LNP-enabled therapeutics.

Adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica / Adaptation of the didactic methodology to virtuality in the technical processing courses of the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica

Resumen Este artículo tiene la finalidad de identificar la percepción estudiantil ante la adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico BI-2001 Catalogación I y BI-3001 Indización, de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante el I Ciclo lectivo del 2020. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa en la que se aplica un cuestionario en línea para analizar aspectos como el acceso que poseen a las clases virtuales y percepción respecto a las metodologías didácticas aplicadas. Se evidencia que contar con un adecuado acceso a internet es fundamental para continuar con el proceso educativo bajo la modalidad virtual, así como la importancia de adaptar los materiales didácticos y las evaluaciones que tradicionalmente se realizaban de manera presencial, considerando los factores que intervienen en la educación virtual.

Abstract This article identify the student perception of the adaptation of the didactic methodology to virtuality in the technical processing courses BI-2001 Cataloging I and BI-3001 Indexing, at the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica, during the I school year of 2020. To achieve this objective a quantitative research was carried out in which an online questionnaire was applied to analyze aspects such as the access they have to virtual classes, perception regarding the applied didactic methodologies. It is observed that having an adequate internet access is essential to continue with the educational process under the virtual modality, as well as the importance of adapting the didactic materials and assessments that were traditionally carried out in person, considering the factors that intervene in the virtual education.

Necesidades y comportamiento informativo de mujeres que pertenecen a los grupos de familia Al-anon, Chiapas, México / Information needs and behavior of women belonging to the Alanon family groups, Chiapas, Mexico

Resumen Este artículo aborda las necesidades y el comportamiento informativo de una comunidad no estudiada, se trata de los Grupos de Familia Al-anon, en donde asiste la familia de las personas que presentan problemas con el consumo de alcohol. Este estudio es exploratorio con un enfoque mixto, la muestra es no probabilística y participaron seis mujeres. Se empleó el instrumento de la entrevista y la encuesta. Se encontró que las principales necesidades informativas son el duelo (66 %) y la felicidad (50 %); y los temas: entretenimiento, superación personal, aceptación, tolerancia y primer paso; todas las anteriores con un porcentaje de 33 %. Los comportamientos informativos de estas mujeres son: el libro (83 %), el internet (66 %) y la televisión (50 %).

Abstract This article deals with the needs and informational behavior of a community not studied, the Al-anon Family Group for the family of people addicted to alcohol. This study is exploratory with a mixed approach, the sample is not probabilistic and six women participated. The interview and survey instrument were used. It was found that the main informational needs are: grief (66 %), happiness (50 %); and the subject of: entertainment, personal improvement, acceptance, tolerance and first step, all of the above with a percentage of 33 %. The informative behaviors of these women are: the book (83 %), the internet (66 %) and tv (50 %).

Perfil del comportamiento informacional de los estudiantes de pregrado de las Bibliotecas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá - Colombia) / Informational behavior profile of undergraduate students at Pontifical Xavierian University Libraries (Bogota - Colombia)

Resumen Los estudios de usuarios de información publicados en bibliotecas universitarias han sido escasos en el ámbito colombiano. Este artículo es resultado de un estudio exploratorio de usuarios de información realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Sede Bogotá) busca generar un acercamiento a los comportamientos y necesidades informacionales de ocho perfiles de usuarios internos y externos de esta comunidad académica, arrojando análisis y reflexiones para establecer una línea base de los comportamientos informacionales en la comunidad universitaria. La estrategia metodológica se basó en un enfoque cualitativo mediante observaciones, entrevistas, grupos focales y user journey maps (mapas de experiencia de usuarios), así como estrategias de análisis desde la teoría fundamentada y la triangulación cualitativa para el estudio del comportamiento informacional. En este estudio se utilizó el muestreo no probabilístico con la participación de 120 personas. Los resultados de este estudio de usuarios de información permiten la transformación e innovación de servicios y programas en las Bibliotecas PUJ, a través de la investigación de usuarios, generando hallazgos clave (insights) para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y funcionales basadas en evidencia bibliotecológica. Específicamente se muestra el perfil de los estudiantes de pregrado identificando discursos, representaciones y prácticas. Esta propuesta base permitió la comprensión de los perfiles de usuarios y el fortalecimiento de habilidades para el diseño de servicios por parte de los colaboradores. Finalmente, se sugiere continuar la realización de estudios del comportamiento informacional autónomos y sistemáticos en la institución.

Abstract Library user studies published in university libraries have been scarce in Colombia. This article is the result of an exploratory research of information users carried out at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá) seeks to generate an approach to the behaviors and informational needs of eight profiles of internal and external users of this community, yielding analysis and reflections for establish a baseline of informational behaviors in the university community. The methodological strategy was based on a qualitative approach through observations, interviews, focus groups and user journey maps, as well as analysis strategies from grounded theory and qualitative triangulation for the study of informational behavior. In this study, non-probability sampling was used with the participation of 120 people. The results of this information users study allow the transformation and innovation of services and programs in PUJ Libraries, through user research, generating key findings (insights) for making strategic and functional decisions based on library-evidence. Specifically, the profile of undergraduate students is shown, identifying speeches, representations and practices. This basic proposal allowed the understanding of user profiles and the strengthening of skills for the design of services by the collaborators. Finally, it is suggested to continue conducting autonomous and systematic informational behavior studies at the institution.

Análisis de los patrones de colaboración del Programa de Doctorado en Documentación e Información Científica / Analysis of collaboration patterns in the Documentation and Scientific Information doctoral training program

El propósito del presente artículo fue analizar los patrones de colaboración del programa de formación doctoral en Bibliotecología y Documentación Científica desarrollado entre la Universidad de La Habana y la Universidad de Granada en el período 2007-2017. Para esto se creó una base de datos en EndNote® x.9, con 396 documentos. Se crearon listados de frecuencia de acuerdo con los indicadores analizados, los cuales se procesaron con los programas Excel y Tableau Public 2020.3 para generar tablas y gráficos. Se utilizó Bibexcel (Olle Persson, Universidad de Umeå, Suecia) para realizar los conteos de frecuencia generales, la generación de matrices y el análisis de las redes de coautoría, cotutoría y de colaboración entre instituciones, en aras de procesarlas con UCINET 6.175. Para su representación reticular se utilizaron NetDraw 2.38 y VOSviewer 1.6.16. La colaboración fue analizada de manera global, por grupos y por tipología documental. Se valoraron las relaciones establecidas para el desarrollo de las investigaciones y para la dirección de las tesis. Para los artículos se analizaron las redes de coautoría y los nexos interinstitucionales. En las tesis se analizaron las relaciones establecidas para la tutoría. Se identificó un predominio de autoría múltiple, mayoritariamente en los artículos científicos. Se aprecian nexos relativamente importantes en la tutoría a partir del establecimiento de relaciones entre los tutores más productivos del programa. A nivel institucional se aprecia un protagonismo de la Universidad de Granada y la Universidad de La Habana por ser las coordinadoras del programa. No obstante, se aprecia una amplia gama de instituciones nacionales. Se reflejan los participantes y tutores más representados(AU)

The purpose of the study was to analyze the collaboration patterns in the Library Science and Scientific Documentation doctoral training program conducted jointly by the University of Havana and the University of Granada in the period 2007-2017. To achieve this end, a database of 396 documents was created on EndNote® x.9. Frequency lists were developed for the indicators analyzed, which were processed with the software Excel and Tableau Public 2020.3 to generate tables and charts. Bibexcel (Olle Persson, Umeå University, Sweden) was used to carry out overall frequency counts, generate matrices, and analyze co-authorship, co-tutorship and collaboration networks between institutions, with a view to processing them with UCINET 6.175. NetDraw 2.38 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 were used for their reticular representation. Collaboration was analyzed globally, by group and by document typology. An assessment was made of the relationships established for research development and thesis guidance. Analysis of papers included co-authorship networks and interinstitutional links, whereas the analysis of theses included the tutoring relationships established. A predominance was found of multiple authorship, mainly in scientific papers. Relatively important links were found in tutoring based on the establishment of relationships between the most productive authors in the program. On an institutional level, leadership by the University of Granada and the University of Havana was observed, being as they are the program coordinators. However, a wide range of national institutions was also found. Reference is made to the best represented participants and tutors(AU)

Aplicación de herramientas de visualización de la información para la toma de decisiones en las bibliotecas: el caso de la Biblioteca Provincial Martí, de Villa Clara, Cuba / Use of information visualization tools for decision-making in libraries: the case of Martí Provincial Library in Villa Clara, Cuba

El estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la viabilidad de la aplication de herramientas que ilustren el uso de la colección y de la institución, por parte la comunidad usuaria de la Biblioteca Provincial Martí, y contribuyan a una mejor toma de decisiones. La investigación se basó en una combinación de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos; entre ellos, los matemáticos y estadísticos y las herramientas de visualización de la información. La muestra comprendió 1 422 usuarios, representativa del 25 por ciento del total de la población de la Biblioteca Provincial Martí, de Villa Clara. A partir de la información que se generó en el sistema de control estadístico de la institución, se recolectaron, se procesaron y se analizaron indicadores relativos al índice de captación, los servicios por usuarios, el uso de la biblioteca, el índice de circulación de la colección, el índice de rotación de la colección y el co-uso de los documentos por temáticas. Los datos revelaron aspectos esenciales de la gestión de la institución objeto de estudio y la necesidad de acometer acciones con respecto a su política de adquisición y de difusión, a fin de revertir los aspectos con incidencia negativa. El trabajo concluye con el reconocimiento de que la aplicación de esta novedosa forma de tratar los datos es una alternativa para la presentación de información en el proceso de la toma de decisiones de cualquier institución similar(AU)

The purpose of the study was to examine the viability of the application of tools that illustrate the use of the collection and the institution, by the user community of the Martí Provincial Library, which contributes to better decision-making.The research was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, among them mathematical and statistical, and information visualization tools. The sample was composed of 1 422 users representing 25 percent of the total population of Martí Provincial Library in Villa Clara. Starting from the information generated by the statistical control system of the institution, indicators were collected, processed and analyzed which had to do with the following variables: recruitment rate, services per user, use of the library, collection circulation rate, collection turnover rate, and document co-use by subject. The data revealed essential aspects of management at the study institution, as well as the need to implement actions related to their acquisition and dissemination policy with a view to improving deficient areas. The paper recognizes that application of this novel way to treat data is an alternative for the presentation of information in the decision-making process at any similar institution(AU)